Pêvek:Etîmolojiya peyvên zazakî/D

• dayiş "giving": from PIE base *do- "to give."

Cognates: cf. Avestan dā "to bestow, place upon," Old Persian dā "let him give," Sanskrit dadati "gives," Greek didomi, didonai, "to give, offer," Old Irish dan "gift, talent."

English Cognates: data (from Latin), date (from Latin), dative (from Latin), add (from Latin), edition (from Latin), render (from Latin), rent (from Latin), donate (from Latin), pardon (from Latin), condone (from Latin), dose (from Greek), anecdote (from Greek), antidote (from Greek)

Source: Etymoline, Cheung p.44, Nişanyan, Watkins p.21

• dam "home, barn": from PIE base *dem- "house, household."

Cognates: cf. Avestan demana- "house;" Sanskrit damah "house;" Greek domos "house," despotes "master, lord;" Latin dominus "master of a household;" Russian dom "house;" Lithuanian dimstis "enclosed court, property;" Old English timber "building, structure."

English Cognates: timber, dome (from Latin), domestic (from Latin), domicile (from Latin), dame (from Latin), danger (from Latin), domain (from Latin), dominate (from Latin), dominion (from Latin), dungeon (from Latin), madame (from Latin), Madonna (from Latin), despot (from Greek)

Source: Etymoline, Nişanyan, Watkins p.21

• dar "tree": from PIE base *deru- "tree, oak, firm, solid, steadfast"

Cognates: cf. Avestan dāru- Sanskrit dru "tree, wood," Greek drys "oak," doru "spear;" Serbian drvo "tree," drva "wood;" Russian drevo "tree, wood;" Czech drva; Polish drwa "wood;" Lithuanian derva "pine wood;" Old Irish daur, Welsh derwen "oak," Albanian drusk "oak" Old Frisian tre, Old Norsk tre, Gothic triu "tree."

English Cognate: tree, tray, trough, tar, endure (From Latin), obdurate (From Latin), duress (From Latin), drupe (from Greek), dryad (from Greek), dendrite (from Greek)

Source: Etymoline, Nişanyan, Watkins p.16

• -dar (in compound words like serdar, brindar) "to hold an occupation or feeling": from PIE base *d^her(e)- "to hold, support."

Please see the darayış, we-darayış entry.

Source:Watkins p.18

• darayiş, we-darayiş "to hold, to hang up": from PIE base *d^her(e)- "to hold, support."

Cognates: cf. Avestan dar- "to hold, keep;" Old Persian dar- "to hold," Sanskrit dharmah "custom, law," Greek thronos "seat," Lithuanian dirzmas "strong," Welsh dir "hard," Breton dir "steel."

English Cognates: farm (from Latin), firm (from Latin), affirm (from Latin), confirm (from Latin), throne (from Latin), Darius (from Persian, means "holding firm the good")

Source: Etymoline, Cheung 58, Watkins p.18

• derg "long": from PIE base *dlonghos- "long."

Cognates: cf. Old Persian darga-, Persian dirang, Sanskrit dirghah, Latin longus, Greek dolikhos "long," Greek endelekhes "perpetual," Latin indulgere "to indulge."

English Cognates: long, along, belong, longitude (from Latin), lounge (from Latin), longevity (from Latin), prolong (from Latin)

Source: Etymoline, Watkins p.15

• decayiş "ache, pain": from PIE base *dhegh- "burn."

Cognates: cf. Avestan dec-, Sanskrit dah "to burn," Lithuanian dagas "hot season," Old Prussian dagis "summer," Gothic dags, Old Eenglish dæg "day" but originally "the heat."

English Cognates: day, today, dawn, foment (from Latin), fever (from Latin)

Source: Etymoline, Cheung p.54, Watkins p.18, 1

• derman "remedy": from PIE base *d^her(e)- "to hold, support."

Please see the darayış, we-darayış entry.

Source:Nişanyan

• derzayiş, deştış "sew": from PIE base *d^hereg^h- "to hold, to fasten."

Cognates: cf. Avestan darez-, Parthian drz, Sanskrit darh "to attach;" Russianderzat "to hold, to keep"

English Cognates: N/A

Source: Cheung p.63

• des "ten": from PIE base *dekm "ten."

Cognates: cf. Avestan dasa, Sanskrit dasa, Armenian tasn, Greek deka, Latin decem, Lithuanian desimt, Old Irsih deich, Breton dek, Welsh deg, Albanian djetu Old Frisian tian, Old High German zehan, German zehn, Gothic taihun "ten."

English Cognate: ten, thirteen, fourteen..., decimal (from Latin), dime (from Latin), december (from Latin), dozen (from Greek), deca- (from Greek), decagon (from Greek), decade (from Greek)

Source: Etymoline, Nişanyan, Watkins p.15

• dest "hand": from PIE base *g^heres-to- "hand."

Cognates: cf. Avestan zasta-, Old Persian dasta--, Sanskrit hásta "hand."

English Cognates: surgeon (from Greek), surgery (from Greek)

Source: Etymoline, Nişanyan, Watkins p.15

• dev "monster, giant": from PIE base *dewos- "god," from *dyeu- "to gleam, to shine."

Cognates: cf. Avestan daēva-, Old Persian daiva- "demon, evil god;" Latin deus, Greek zeus, Sanskrit deva- "god."

English Cognates: deity (from Latin), deus (from Latin), diva (from Latin), divine (from Latin), Diana (from Latin), dial (from Latin), diurnal (from Latin), journal (from Latin), journey (from Latin), adjourn (from Latin), meridian (from Latin)

Source: Cheung p.63, Watkins p.22

• di "two": from PIE base *duwo "two."

Cognates: cf. Avestan dva, Sanskrit dvau, Greek duo, Latin duo, Old Welsh dou, Lithuanian dvi, Old Frisian twene, twa, Old Norsk tveir, tvau, Old High German zwene, zwo, German zwei, Gothic twai "two."

English Cognates: two, twin, twice, twilight, between, bi- (from Latin), balance (from Latin), binal (from Latin), combine (from Latin), diplo- (from Greek), diploid (from Greek), diploma (from Greek), dichotomous (from Greek), duet (from Latin), duo (from Latin), dual (from Latin), dozen (from Latin), double (from Latin), duplex (from Latin), duplicate (from Latin), doubt (from Latin), dubious (from Latin)

Source: Etymoline, Watkins p.21

• dinde "tooth": from PIE base *dent- "tooth."

Cognates: cf. Sanskrit danta, Greek odontos, Latin dens, Lithuanian dantis, Old Irish det, Welsh dent "tooth."

English Cognates: tooth, -odon (from Greek), dental (from Latin), dentist (from Latin), indent (from Latin), trident (from Latin)

Source: Etymoline, Nişanyan, Watkins p.16

• dirnayiş "tear": from PIE base *der- "tear."

Cognates: cf. Sanskrit drnati "cleaves, bursts," Greek derein "to flay," Armenian terem "I flay," Breton darn "piece."

English Cognates: tear, tart, turd, -derma (from Greek)

Source: Etymoline, Watkins p.16

• dum, du "smog": from PIE base *dhumo- "smog."

Cognates: cf. Sanskrit dhumah, Persian dud, Latin fūmus, Lithuanian dumai, Old Prussian dumis "smoke;" Middle Irish dumacha "fog," Greek thymos "spirit, mind, soul"

English Cognates: fume (from Latin), perfume (from Latin), funky (from Latin), obfuscate (from Latin)

Source: Etymoline, Watkins p.16

• durûst "honest, direct": from PIE base *dru- "tree."

Cognates: cf. Old Persian duruva- "straight, firm;" Lithuanian drutas "firm," Welsh drud, Old Irish dron "strong," Welsh derw "true," Old Irish derb "sure," Old Frisian triuwi, Old High German gatriuwu, German treu, Old Norsk tryggr, Gothic triggws "faithful, trusty."

English Cognate: true, truth, trust, truce

Please also see the "dar" entry.

Source: Etymoline, Nişanyan, Watkins p.16

• dûş, diş "bother, against, evil, ill": from PIE bases of *dus- "bad, ill, evil"

Cognates: Avestan duš/duj- Old Persian duš- Sanskrit dus-, "ill," Old High German zur-, Gothic tuz- "un-."

English Cognates: dys- (from Greek)

Source: Etymoline, Nişanyan, Watkins p.21

• dûşmen "enemy": from PIE bases of *dus- "bad, ill, evil" and *men- "think, remember, have one's mind aroused."

Cognates: Old Persian dušmān, Avestan dušmainyu- "who thinks evil." (Cognates of *dus-; cf. Avestan duš/duj- Old Persian duš- Sanskrit dus-, "ill," Old High German zur-, Gothic tuz- "un-.") and (Cognates of *men-; cf. Avestan manu- Sanskrit matih "thought," munih "sage, seer;" Greek memona "I yearn," mania "madness," mantis "one who divines, prophet, seer;" Latin mens "mind, understanding.")

English Cognates: N/A (dys- and mind as separate words; men and mean are also two other words from PIE *men-.)

Source: Etymoline, Nişanyan

Çavkanî

• Cheung, Johnny. Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb. Boston: Brill. 2007.
• Etymonline. Online English Etymology Dictionary. <etymonline.com> by Douglas Harper.
• Fortson, Benjamin W. Indo-European Language and Culture. Blackwell Publishing. 2004.
• Nisanyan, Sevan. Etymological Dictionary of Modern Turkish. Adam Y. Istanbul 2007.
• Watkins, Calvert. The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. Second Ed. Houghton Publishing. USA 2007.